Veterans Service Pension Benefits and Pending Legislation
As a nation we celebrated Veterans Day recently to honor our service men and women. We hope you enjoyed gathering with friends and family with a grateful heart towards our military men and women. In keeping with this theme, the ElderCounselor will focus our attention this month on Service Pension benefits, which are available to qualifying veterans. This is a valuable benefit that many veterans and their families are unaware exists. The law providing this benefit is facing potential legislative changes. In this newsletter we will provide an overview of the current benefits as well as an outline and status of the current proposed changes.
General Requirements for Basic Service Pension
In order to qualify for a basic Service Pension, veterans must meet several criteria. The first requirement has to do with the amount of time veterans were in active duty and whether they served during wartime. Prior to September 1980, veterans are required to have served at least ninety (90) days of active duty with at least one day being during a wartime period. See “Wartime Periods” chart in the sidebar. After 1980, veterans must have generally served at least 24 months (or the full period for which they were called or ordered) of active duty with at least one day being during a wartime period. Second, veterans must not have been dishonorably discharged. Third, veterans must meet at least one of the following criteria:
- sixty-five (65) years of age or older;
- permanently and totally disabled;
- in a nursing home receiving skilled nursing care;
- receiving Social Security Disability Insurance; or
- receiving Supplemental Security Income.
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Eligible Wartime Periods Qualifying Veterans for Service Benefits |
|
| World War I | Apr. 6, 1917 - Nov. 11, 1918 |
| World War II | Dec. 7, 1941 - Dec. 31, 1946 |
| Korean Conflict | June 27, 1950 - Jan. 31, 1955 |
| Vietnam Era | Feb. 28, 1961 - May 7, 1975 for veterans who served in the Republic of Vietnam during that period; otherwiseAug. 5, 1964 - May 7, 1975 |
| Gulf War | Aug. 2, 1990 - date to be set by law or Presidential Proclamation |
In addition, veterans’ worth must not be excessive and their countable family income must be below a yearly limit set by law. The 2013 limits are shown below:
| 2013 Pension Benefits: Annual Income Limits | |
| If you are a veteran... | Your yearly income must be less than... |
| Without spouse or child | $12,465* |
| With one dependent | $16,324** |
| Housebound without dependents | $15,233 |
| Housebound with one dependent | $19,093 |
| Needing aid and attendance without dependents | $20,795 |
| Needing aid and attendance with one dependent | $24,652 |
| With additional dependent children | $2,129 (add per additional child) |
| Married to another veteran | $16,324 |
*To be deducted, medical expenses must exceed $623.** To be deducted, medical expenses must exceed $816.Source: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
Service Pension Benefits
Unmarried, low-income veterans meeting the requirements stated above may qualify for a monthly pension of up to $1,038 in 2013. Veterans with one dependent (including a spouse) can qualify for up to $1,360 per month. These figures increase annually at the same rate that Social Security benefits increase.
Veterans who are eligible for the basic service pension may also qualify for additional monies if they are housebound or require the aid and attendance of another person to perform activities of daily living (or are blind or nearly so or in a nursing home). To be deemed housebound, veterans must be, for the most part, confined to their immediate premises because of a permanent disability. This may qualify them for a pension up to the amount of $1,269 for unmarried veterans and $1,590 for veterans with one dependent. When veterans require the aid and attendance of another person to perform activities for daily living, they may qualify for up to a total of $1,732 for unmarried veterans and $2,054 for veterans with one dependent.
Survivors Pension
In addition to these benefits, a veteran’s surviving spouse (or child) may be entitled to some benefits, called Survivors Benefits, upon the veteran’s death. In order to qualify to receive these benefits, veterans must meet similar requirements set forth above. The surviving spouse must also meet certain requirements, including having a valid marriage to the veteran and not being remarried.
In 2013, a qualifying surviving spouse with no dependents may receive up to $696 or $911 with one dependent child. Should the surviving spouse be housebound, he or she may receive up to $851 with no dependents or $1,066 with one dependent child. Finally, a surviving spouse who requires the aid and attendance of another person may qualify to receive up to $1,113 with no dependents or $1,328 with one dependent child.
Proposed Changes to the Service Pension Law
The application process is quite lengthy and cumbersome for the veterans (and family) who are applying and in need of pension benefits. Because of this, there are some recent proposals for changes to the law governing the application process. The purpose of this portion of the bill proposal is to streamline the application process. The other possible changes in VA benefits are more controversial and could have a greater impact on veterans’ ability to obtain benefits.
Benefits Application
The first change being proposed by the legislature has to do with the application process. The proposal would require that a claimant use a standardized form in submitting any and all claims to the VA, including appeals (also called Notices of Disagreement). Currently, forms are not required for all claims, only original claims. According to proponents, this change would modernize and expedite the process. The goal as stated by the VA is to eliminate the backlog of claims by 2015 and to process all claims in 125 days with 98 percent accuracy.
Penalty for Disposal of Resources for Less than Fair Market Value
The bills propose a penalty against a claimant when he or she disposes of a resource for less than fair market value if getting rid of that property reduces the value of the claimant’s entire estate. The penalty would take effect if part of the resource that was disposed of would have been used on the claimant’s maintenance. The language used is subjective enough to allow the VA to disregard smaller transfers. It leaves open to interpretation whether the transferred amount would have reasonably been used for the claimant’s maintenance.
36 Month Look Back Period
The bills would require a look back period of 36 months prior to the application. This means that when a veteran applies for the VA service pension, the VA will look back over the past three years at any gifts or other transfers of property that have been made by the claimant. This applies to the initial application and to any requests for increased pensions or redeterminations.
Transfers to Trusts and Annuities
The bills make it clear that any transfer to a trust, annuity or other financial instrument or investment is considered the transfer of an asset if it reduces the net worth of the claimant. H.R. 2189 makes an exception for a trust established for the benefit of the veteran’s child, but it references federal law that applies to self-settled special needs trusts and therefore may not be appropriate for a parent-to-disabled-child transfer.
Remaining Ineligibility Period Transfers to Surviving Spouse
Where a surviving spouse makes a transfer during the veteran’s lifetime and the transfer results in a penalty period that has not run its full course prior to the death of the veteran, the remainder of the penalty period will be imposed on the surviving spouse. In other words, the surviving spouse will not be able to get Death Benefits until the entire three-year penalty period has completed.
The new law would be effective one year after it is enacted. The bills to watch regarding this issue are H.R. 2189 (sponsored by Rep. Jeff Miller) and S. 944 (sponsored by Sen. Bernard Sanders). They are two bills essentially covering the same proposed changes. H.R. 2189 passed overwhelmingly (408 to 1) in the House of Representatives on October 28 this year and will now move on to the Senate. S. 944 has not yet gone to a vote in the Senate or the House of Representatives. Contact Rep. John Duncan or Sen. Bob Corker and Lamar Alexander to discuss these bills with your local representatives.
Conclusion
As a nation we desire to honor our service men and women. One of the ways we do this is through benefits such as those described herein. Unfortunately, many of our veterans and their families are unaware of the existence of the service pension benefits available.
Furthermore, the application process for veterans benefits can be time consuming, and the law is written in such a way that its interpretation can be subjective. Specifically, the requirement that veterans’ worth not be excessive is open to interpretation. Because of this, it is important to obtain the advice of a knowledgeable Elder Law Attorney. In the event a claim for the service pension is denied, there is an appeals process, at which point it is imperative to have qualified legal representation. If you know of a wartime veteran or surviving spouse of a wartime veteran, we would be happy to speak with them about whether they could be eligible for a pension benefit and how to begin the application process.
